The publication "Implementing the Responsibility to Protect: New Directions for International Peace and Security?" is based on the current discussion on the "Responsibility to Protect" (R2P) and the "Responsibility while Protecting" (RwP). The publication was supported by the Norwegian government and is composed of a set of 12 articles written by authors with different backgrounds and experiences, such as military personnel, researchers and humanitarian experts from Brazil and abroad. Although it focuses mainly on the Brazilian perspective, other issues that are at the heart of international peace and security are also addressed, such as state sovereignty, humanitarian intervention, protection of civilians and peacekeeping operations. In general, the concepts of R2P and RwP are intrinsically associated with the 21st century reflection on the very nature of the international system and on issues of global governance.